Application of Anti-Stripping Agents for Increasing Moisture Resistance of WMA Mixes Produced with Different Methods

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering Tarbiat Modares University Jalal Al Ahmad Highway Tehran Iran

2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

WMA mixes, compared with HMA mixes, are environmental friendly mixes that produce little air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Their high energy saving costs resulted in their extensive use in construction projects. However, these warm mixes recognized to be susceptible to moisture damage that results in stripping distress in pavements. In this research, WMA mixtures were prepared applying two different methods; namely, application of an organic additive (Sasobit) and adoption of foam bitumen technique. In this latter, small amount of water is inserted together with high pressure air into Wirtgen, WLB-10 machine One of the methods of solving moisture damages is to use anti-stripping additives to increase adhesion properties between bitumen and aggregate particles. In this research, two types of additives; namely, hydrated lime (at 1.5, 2 and %2.5 by weight of aggregates) and Zycotherm (at 0.1, 0.2 and %0.3 by weight of bitumen), were used to reduce moisture sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). To evaluate moisture susceptibility of WMA mixes, Indirect Tensile Test, boiling water, and Pull Off testing were preformed. The experimental results showed positive effects of hydrated lime and zycotherm anti-stripping additive in reducing moisture sensitivity of WMA mixes. The testing results showed that WMA mixtures that were prepared applying foam bitumen techniqe were more sensitive to moisture damage than WMA mixtures that were prepared by organic additive (Sasobit). As conclusion, results indicated that the mixes containing %2.5 hydrated lime (by weight of aggregates) and %0.3 zycotherm (by weight of bitumen) are the optimum contents of addetives for reducing moisture sensitivity. Moreover, the results indicate that zycotherm additive has a greater effects on redusing moisture sensitivity compared to hydrated lime.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • AASHTO, T283. 2002. “Standard method of test for resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures to moisture-induced damage”. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

    • Abdi, A., Kavusi, A., Adresi, M. and Mirbaha, B. 2017. “Evaluation of stripping in asphalt concrete pavement by experimental methods”. Modares Civ. Eng. J., 17(1): 135-144.
    • Damm, K., Abraham, J., Butz, T., Hildebrand, G. and Riebesehl, G. 2002. “Asphalt flow improvers as intelligent fillers for hot asphalts-a new chapter in asphalt technology”. J. Appl. Asphalt Binder Technol., 2(1): 36-69.
    • Akisetty, Ch. 2008. “Evaluation of warm asphalt additives on performance properties of CRM binders and mixtures”. PhD Dissertation, Clemson University.
    • Al-Tameemi, A. F., Wang, Y., Albayati, A. and Haynes, J. 2019. “Moisture susceptibility and fatigue performance of hydrated lime–modified asphalt concrete: Experiment and design application case study”. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 31(4): 04019019.
    • Ameri, M., Hesami, S. and Goli, H. 2013. “Laboratory evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures containing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag”. Constr. Build. Mater., 49: 611-617.
    • Ameri, M., Vamegh, M., Chavoshian Naeni, S. F. and Molayem, M. 2018. “Moisture susceptibility evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing Evonik, Zycotherm and hydrated lime”. Constr. Build. Mater., 165: 958-965.
    • Anderson, R., Baumgardner, G., May, R. and Reinke, G. 2008. “Engineering properties, emissions, and field performance of warm mix asphalt technologies”. Interim Report.
    • ASTM D3625-96. 2005. “Standard practice for effect of water on bituminous-coated aggregate using boiling water”. American Society for Testing and Materials, Book of Standards.
    • Bolin, B. 1998. “The Kyoto negotiations on climate change: A science perspective”. Sci., 279(5349): 330-331.
    • Bonaquist, R. F. 2011. “Mix design practices for warm-mix asphalt”. Transport. Res. Board, NCHRP, Report No. 691.
    • Chowdhury, A. and Button, J. W. 2008. “A review of warm mix asphalt. Texas Transportation Institute.
    • Csanyi, L. H. 1957. “Foamed asphalt in bituminous paving mixtures”. Highway Research Board Bulletin, 160.
    • Edwards, Y. and Isacsson, U. 2005. “Wax in bitumen: Part II- characterization and effects”. Road Mater. Pavement Design, 6(4): 439-468.
    • Fee, D., Maldonado, R., Reinke, G. and Romagosa, H. 2010. “Polyphosphoric acid modification of asphalt”. Transport. Res. Record, 2179(1): 49-57.‏
    • Hasan, M. R. M., You, Z., Porter, D. and Goh, S. W. 2015. “Laboratory moisture susceptibility evaluation of WMA under possible field conditions”. Constr. Build. Mater., 101: 57-64.
    • Hasan, M. R. M., You, Z. and Yang, X. 2017. “A comprehensive review of theory, development, and implementation of warm mix asphalt using foaming techniques”. Constr. Build. Mater., 152: 115-133.
    • https://www.wirtgen-group.com/binary/full/o17626v77_W_brochure_FoamedBitumen_0219_V1_EN.pdf.
    • Hagedorn, R. M. 2014. “Temperature sensitivity of foamed warm mix asphalt”. Civil Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
    • Ibrahim, I. and Mehan, H. N. A. 2015. “The effect of nano-materials on hot mixture asphalt-concrete”. Open J. Civ. Eng., 5(04): 419.
    • Ismael, M. Q. and Ahmed, A. H. 2019. “Effect of hydrated lime on moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures”. J. Eng., 25(3): 89-101.
    • James, R. 1965. “Metering of steam-water two-phase flow by sharp-edged orifices”. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 180(1): 549-572.

    Jamshidi, A., Hamzah, M. O. and You, Z. 2013. “Performance of warm mix asphalt containing Sasobit®: State-of-the-art”. Constr. Build. Mater., 38: 530-553.

    • Jenkins, K. J., Molenaar, A. A. A., De Groot, J. L. A. and Van de Ven, M. F. C. 2002. “Foamed asphalt produced using warmed aggregates”. Asphalt Paving Technology 2002 Conference,
    • Kavussi, A. and Motevalizadeh, S. M. 2021. “Fracture and mechanical properties of water-based foam warm mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement”. Constr. Build. Mater., 269, 121332.
    • Khodaii, A., Tehrani, H. K. and Haghshenas, H. F. 2012. “Hydrated lime effect on moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt”. Constr. Build. Mater., 36: 165-170.
    • Kim, Y. R., Lutif, J. S., Bhasin, A. and Little, D. N. 2008. “Evaluation of moisture damage mechanisms and effects of hydrated lime in asphalt mixtures through measurements of mixture component properties and performance testing”. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 20(10): 659-667.
    • Magdaleno-López, C. and de Jesús Pérez-Bueno, J. 2020. “Quantitative evaluation for the ASTM D4541-17/D7234 and ASTM D3359 adhesion norms with digital optical microscopy for surface modifications with flame and APPJ”. Int. J. Adhesion Adhesives, 98: 102551.
    • Masson, J. F., Pelletier, L. and Collins, P. 2001. “Rapid FTIR method for quantification of styrene‐butadiene type copolymers in bitumen”. J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 79(6): 1034-1041.
    • McCann, M. and Sebaaly, P. E. 2006. “Evaluating the performance of lime in hot mix asphalt mixtures”. Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference 2006.
    • Mirzababaei, P. 2016. “Effect of Zycotherm on moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt mixtures prepared with different aggregate types and gradations”. Constr. Build. Mater., 116: 403-412.
    • Mirzababaei, P., Moghadas Nejad, F. and Naderi, K. 2018. “Effect of liquid silane-based anti-stripping additives on rheological properties of asphalt binder and hot mix asphalt moisture sensitivity”. Road Mater. Pavement Design, 212: 570-585.
    • Moghadas Nejad, F., Azarhoosh, A. R., Hamedi, Gh. H. and Azarhoosh, M. J. 2012. “Influence of using nonmaterial to reduce the moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt”. Constr. Build. Mater., 31: 384-388.
    • Muthen, K. M. 1998. “Foamed asphalt mixes-mix design procedure”. Transport. Res. Record, 898: 290-296.
    • Newcomb, D. E., Arambula, E., Yin, F., Zhang, J., Bhasin, A., Li, W. and Arega, Z. 2015. “Properties of foamed asphalt for warm mix asphalt applications”. NCHRP 807.
    • Sanij, H. K., Meybodi, P. A., Hormozaky, M. A., Hosseini, S. H. and Olazar, M. 2019. “Evaluation of performance and moisture sensitivity of glass-containing warm mix asphalt modified with ZycothermTM as an anti-stripping additive”. Constr. Build. Mater., 197: 185-194.
    • Stroup-Gardiner, M. and Newcomb, D. 1990. “Comparison of dolomitic and normally hydrated lime as antistripping additives”. Transport. Res. Record, 1269: 56-68.
    • Watson, D., Moore, J. R., Taylor, A. J. and Wu, P. 2013. “Effectiveness of antistrip agents in asphalt mixtures”. Transport. Res. Record, 2370(1): 128-136.
    • Xiao, Y., Van de Ven, M. F. C., Wu, S. P. and Woldekidan, M. F. 2012. “Advanced pull test to determine adhesion properties of thin surfaces for pavement”. ISAP 2012: International Symposium on Heavy Duty Asphalt Pavements and Bridge Deck Pavements, Nanjing, China, 23-25 May.
    • Zaidi, S. B. A., Airey, G. D., Grenfell, J., Alfaqawi, R. M., Ahmed, I., Ahmad, N. and Haynes, M. 2021. “Moisture susceptibility of hydrated lime modified mastics using adhesion test methods and surface free energy techniques”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 22(7): 829-841.
    • Ziari, H., Mirzababaei, P., Babagoli, R. and Moniri, A. 2015. “Effect of aggregate type on functional properties of warm mixed asphalt modified with Zycotherm”. J. Transport. Infrastruct. Eng., 1(3): 63-76.‏
    • Zou, J., Isola, M., Roque, R., Chun, S., Koh, C., and Lopp, G. 2013. “Effect of hydrated lime on fracture performance of asphalt mixture”. Constr. Build. Mater., 44: 302-308.
Journal of Transportation Infrastructure Engineering
Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 30
September 2022
Pages 23-54

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 30 June 2022
  • Accept Date: 08 July 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics