A Comparative Study on the Effect of Cement Kiln Dust, Fly Ash, and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Compaction Characteristics and California Bearing Ratio of Clay Soils

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of industrial wastes including cement kiln dust (CKD), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) for stabilization of clay soils. To chemically stabilize the soil, optimal amounts of CKD (10%-20%), class C FA (20%-25%) and GGBFS (20%-30%) have been suggested. Considering the soil pH value with different percentages of additives, the amount of each additive was considered the same (20%) for better comparison. Standard compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the mixtures. To investigate the microstructural effect of additives, the samples were subjected to scanning electrocleen microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results showed that CKD and FA decreased maximum dry density and increased optimum moisture content. Meanwhile, GGBFS decreased optimum moisture content of the samples and increased maximum dry density. The CBR in soil stabilized with CKD, FA, and GGBFS was 21.7, 13.3, and 15.7 times that of pure soil, respectively. According to the results of the SEM and XRD analysis, the increase in strength in the stabilized soil is caused by pozzolanic reactions and creation of cementation products, and as a result, binding of soil particles and stabilizers and filling of the pores. The higher the amount of free lime in the stabilizer, the greater the increase in soil strength. In practical projects, factors such as delay time (the time between the first contact of the additive and water and the final compaction of the mixture) and moisture content that affect the strength parameters should be considered. Also, environmental issues, such as potential of these additives to enter groundwater, are important.

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References

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Journal of Transportation Infrastructure Engineering
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 38
September 2024
Pages 57-70

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 28 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 28 August 2024

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