Effects of Simultaneous Use of Crumb Tires and Fly Ash on the Shear Behavior of Encased Stone Columns: A Laboratory Study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Applying stone columns (SCs) is an economical method to improve loose soil. This laboratory study is conducted on the effects of simultaneous use of crumb tire (CT) and fly ash (FA) on the shear behavior of SCs encased with geotextile and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in soft clay. A large-scale direct shear device was utilized to do the desired tests. The samples were exposed to normal stress values of 20, 40, and 70 kPa. First, optimal percentages of CT and FA were determined to be used with granular materials in the SCs. The impact of installing ordinary reinforced and unreinforced SCs on the shear behavior of the assembly was examined. Installing the SCs in soft clay bed and adding the CT-FA composite to the SC materials increased the shear strength. Supplementing the CT-FA composite to the SC materials increased shear strength of the assembly to 4.6%-10%. The shear strength rose more than twice when the normal stress increased from 20 kPa to 70 kPa and it was mobilized more since CT-FA composite is present. It increased due to a rise in the replacement ratio of the SCs in the assembly. By installing the ordinary composite SCs in clay bed under the normal stresses of 20 kPa and 70 kPa, the shear strength increased to 34% and 41.7% and it would rise in the encased mode more than in the ordinary mode. Furthermore, the FRP-based reinforcement enhanced the shear strength more than the geotextile reinforcement did.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abbas, H. O. 2020. “Laboratory study on reinforced expansive soil with granular pile anchors”. Int. J. Eng., 33(7): 1167-1172. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.07a.01
ASTM D4767. 2011. “Standard test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soils”. ASTM International.
Adalier  K, Elgamal  A. Mitigation of liquefaction and associated ground deformations by stone columns. Engineering Geology. 2004;72(3):275–91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795203002023
Bahrami, M. and Marandi, S. M. 2021. “Large-scale experimental study on collapsible soil improvement using encased stone columns”. Int. J. Eng., 34(5): 1145-1155. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2021.34.05b.08
Barksdale, R. D. and Bachus, R. C. 1983. “Design and construction of stone columns”. US Deparment of Transportaion.
Bergado, D. T. and Lam, F. L. 1987. “Full scale load test of granular piles with different densities and different proportions of gravel and sand on soft Bangkok clay”. Soils Foundations, 27(1): 86-93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.27.86
Bergado, D. T., Singh, N., Sim, S. H., Panichayatum, B., Sampaco, C. L. and Balasubramaniam, A. S. 1990. “Improvement of soft Bangkok clay using vertical geotextile band drains compared with granular piles”. Geotext. Geomembranes, 9(3): 203-231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(90)90054-G
Brennan, A. J. and Madabhushi, S. P. G. 2006. “Liquefaction remediation by vertical drains with varying penetration depths”. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 26(5): 469-475. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.s oildyn.2005.10.001
Dungca, J. R., Kuwano, J., Takahashi, A., Saruwatari, T., Izawa, J., Suzuki, H. and Tokimatsu, K. 2006. “Shaking table tests on the lateral response of a pile buried in liquefied sand”. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 26(2): 287-295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.02.021
Esmaeili, M., Khajehei, H. and Astaraki, F. 2017. “The effectiveness of deep soil mixing on enhanced bearing capacity and reduction of settlement on loose sandy soils”. Int. J. Railway Res., 4(2): 33-39.
Ghazavi, M., Ehsani Yamchi, A. and Nazari Afshar, J. 2018. “Bearing capacity of horizontally layered geosynthetic reinforced stone columns”. Geotext. Geomembranes, 46(3): 312-318. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.geotexmem.2018.01.002
Hasheminezhad, A. and Bahadori, H. 2019. “Seismic response of shallow foundations over liquefiable soils improved by deep soil mixing columns”. Comput. Geotech., 110: 251-273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.019
Hughes, J. M. O. and Withers, N. J. 1974. “Reinforcing of soft cohesive soils with stone columns”. Ground Eng., 7(3).
Hughes, J. M. O., Withers, N. J. and Greenwood, D. A. 1975. “A field trial of the reinforcing effect of a stone column in soil”. Geotech., 25(1): 31-44.
Jamshidi Chenari, R., Karimpour Fard, M., Jamshidi Chenari, M. and Shamsi Sosahab, J. 2019. “Physical and numerical modeling of stone column behavior in loose sand”. Int. J. Civ. Eng., 17(2): 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0223-6
Juirnarongrit, T. and Ashford, S. A. 2006. “Soil-pile response to blast-induced lateral spreading. I: Field test”. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(2): 152-162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)10900241(2006)132:2 (152)
Kirsch, K. and Kirsch, F. 2017. “Ground improvement by deep vibratory methods”. Taylor & Francis.
Mohapatra, S. R., Rajagopal, K. and Sharma, J. 2016. “Direct shear tests on geosynthetic-encased granular columns”. Geotext. and Geomembranes, 44(3): 396-405. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geo texmem.2016.01.002
Rollins, K. M., Gerber, T. M., Lane, J. D. and Ashford, S. A. 2005. “Lateral resistance of a full-scale pile group in liquefied sand”. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(1): 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(115)
Seed, H. B. and Booker, J. R. 1977. “Stabilization of potentially liquefiable sand deposits using gravel drains”. J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 103(7): 757-768. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000453
Zhou, Y. G., Liu, K., Sun, Z. B. and Chen, Y. M. 2021. “Liquefaction mitigation mechanisms of stone column-improved ground by dynamic centrifuge model tests”. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 150; 106946. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.106946

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 May 2024
  • Revise Date: 26 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 29 May 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics