Investigating the effect of using copper industrial waste on the performance of thin layer surface treatment

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University

Abstract

The demand for using industrial waste has increased significantly due to their environmental impacts and limitation of natural resources. Copper waste (CW) is among those that are known to cause environmental problems. Categorized under waste materials, it causes various environmental problems, especially those related to waste disposal. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the application of CW, as compared to mineral aggregate (MA), in surface treatment. For this purpose, various tests, including wet cohesion test, wet track abrasion test, loaded wheel – displacement test, and loaded wheel – sand adhesion test, were performed on five different mixtures designated as CW0+MA100, CW10+MA90, CW20+MA80, CW30+MA70, and CW40+MA60, with the designations defined based on total aggregate weight. Results showed that, thanks to its unique physical and chemical characteristics, the replaced CW could improve the treatment performance, especially in the CW30+MA70 sample, in terms of abrasion, wet cohesion, and vertical and lateral displacements by about 23, 22, 39, and 33%, respectively, at a residual asphalt of 8%. Also, regarding the analysis of variance, the copper slag is a more effective factor with respect to residual bitumen in increasing the cohesion and reducing the vertical and lateral deformations due to traffic loading

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Adediran, A., Lemougna, P. N., Yliniemi, J., Tanskanen, P., Kinnunen, P., Roning, J. and Illikainen, M. 2021. “Recycling glass wool as a fluxing agent in the production of clay- and waste-based ceramics”. J. Clean. Prod., 289: 125673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125673
  2. Apaza Apaza, F. R., Rodrigues Guimarães, A. C., Marcos Vivoni, A. and Schroder, R. 2021. “Evaluation of the performance of iron ore waste as potential recycled aggregate for micro-surfacing type cold asphalt mixtures”. Constr. Build. Mater., 266: 121020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121020
  3. Arabani, M. and Mirabdolazimi, S. M. 2011. “Experimental investigation of the fatigue behaviour of asphalt concrete mixtures containing waste iron powder”. Mater. Sci. Eng.: A, 528(10): 3866-3870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.099
  4. Behnood, A., Modiri Gharehveran, M., Gozali Asl, F. and Ameri, M. 2015. “Effects of copper slag and recycled concrete aggregate on the properties of CIR mixes with bitumen emulsion, rice husk ash, Portland cement and fly ash”. Constr. Build. Mater., 96: 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015. 08.021
  5. D2397, A. 2017. “Standard specification for cationic emulsified asphalt”. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  6. Dong, Q., Chen, X., Huang, B. and Gu, X. 2018. “Analysis of the influence of materials and construction practices on slurry seal performance using LTPP data”. J. Transport. Eng., Part B: Pavements, 144(4): 04018046. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000069
  7. Hajj Elie, Y., Loria Luis, G., Sebaaly Peter, E., Cortez, E. and Gibson, S. 2013. “Effective timing for two sequential applications of slurry seal on asphalt pavement”. J. Transport. Eng., 139(5): 476-484. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000521
  8. Hassan Hossam, F. and Al-Jabri, K. 2011. “Laboratory evaluation of hot-mix asphalt concrete containing copper slag aggregate”. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 23(6): 879-885. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000246
  9. Hu, C., Li, P., Zhu, Y., Zhao, Q. and Zhang, H. 2022. “Experimental study on microwave absorption properties of HMA containing copper slag”. Constr. Build. Mater., 341: 127850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2022.127850
  10. Imran Khan, M. and Al-Abdul Wahhab, H. I. 1998. “Improving slurry seal performance in Eastern Saudi Arabia using steel slag”. Constr. Build. Mater., 12(4): 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(98)00005-1
  11. 2017a. “Laboratory test method for wet track abrasion of slurry surfacing systems”. Technical Bulletin 100: International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  12. 2017b. “Outline guide design procedure for slurry seal”. Technical Bulletin 111: International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  13. 2017c. “Test method for measurement of excess asphalt in bituminous mixtures by use of a loaded wheel tester and sand adhesion”. Technical Bulletin: International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  14. 2017d. “Test method for measurement of stability and resistance to compaction, vertical and lateral displacement of multilayered fine aggregate cold mixes”. Technical Bulletin 147: International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  15. 2017e. “Test method to classify emulsified asphalt/aggregate mixture systems by modified cohesion tester measurement of set and cure characteristics”. Technical Bulletin: International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  16. ISSA A105. 2020. “Recommended performance guideline for emulsified asphalt slurry seal”. International Slurry Surfacing Association.
  17. Keymanesh, M. R., Ziari, H., Zalnezhad, H. and Zalnezhad, M. 2021. “Mix design and performance evaluation of microsurfacing containing electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag filler”. Constr. Build. Mater., 269: 121336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121336
  18. Kumar, B. 2013. “Properties of pavement quality concrete and dry lean concrete with copper slag as fine aggregate”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 14(8): 746-751. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2012.729059
  19. Mirhosseini, S. R., Fadaee, M., Tabatabaei, R. and Fadaee, M. J. 2017. “Mechanical properties of concrete with Sarcheshmeh mineral complex copper slag as a part of cementitious materials”. Constr. Build. Mater., 134: 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.024
  20. Mithun, B. M. and Narasimhan, M. C. 2016. “Performance of alkali activated slag concrete mixes incorporating copper slag as fine aggregate”. J. Clean. Prod., 112: 837-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2015.06.026
  21. Modarres, A. and Alinia Bengar, P. 2019. “Investigating the indirect tensile stiffness, toughness and fatigue life of hot mix asphalt containing copper slag powder”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 20(8): 977-985. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1373390
  22. Muniandy, R., Aburkaba, E. and Taha, R. 2013. “Effect of mineral filler type and particle size on the engineering properties of stone mastic asphalt pavements”. J. Eng. Res., 10(2): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss2pp13-32
  23. Nagi, G. A. 1988. “Evaluation of slurry seal performance in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia”. Doctoral Dissertation, College of Design and Built Environment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KFU.
  24. Najimi, M., Sobhani, J. and Pourkhorshidi, A. R. 2011. “Durability of copper slag contained concrete exposed to sulfate attack”. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4): 1895-1905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010. 11.067
  25. Pundhir, N. K. S., Kamaraj, C. and Nanda, P. K. 2005. “Use of copper slag as construction material in bituminous pavements”. J. Sci. Industrial Res., 64: 997-1002.
  26. Raposeiras, A. C., Vargas-Cerón, A., Movilla-Quesada, D. and Castro-Fresno, D. 2016. “Effect of copper slag addition on mechanical behavior of asphalt mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement”. Constr. Build. Mater., 119: 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.081
  27. Raposeiras, A. C., Movilla-Quesada, D., Muñoz-Cáceres, O., Andrés-Valeri, V. C. and Lagos-Varas, M. 2021. “Production of asphalt mixes with copper industry wastes: Use of copper slag as raw material replacement”. J. Environ. Manag., 293: 112867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112867
  28. Saghafi, M., Tabatabaee, N. and Nazarian, S. 2019. “Performance evaluation of slurry seals containing reclaimed asphalt pavement”. Transport. Res. Record, 2673(1): 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0361198118821908
  29. Sharma, D. K., Swami, B. L. and Vyas, A. K. 2021. “Performance evaluation of hot mix asphalt containing copper slag”. Mater. Today: Proc., 38: 1241-1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.557
  30. Sherre Tarekegn, K. and Liao, M. C. 2022. “Characteristics of recycled mineral fillers and their effects on the mechanical properties of hot-mix asphalt when used as limestone filler replacements”. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 34(1): 04021395. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004033
  31. Ullah, S., Yang, C., Cao, L., Wang, P., Chai, Q., Li, Y., . . . Zhang, B. 2021. “Material design and performance improvement of conductive asphalt concrete incorporating carbon fiber and iron tailings”. Constr. Build. Mater., 303: 124446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124446
  32. Zalnezhad, M. and Hesami, E. 2020. “Effect of steel slag aggregate and bitumen emulsion types on the performance of microsurfacing mixture”. J. Traffic Transport. Eng., 7(2): 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jtte.2018.12.005
  33. Ziari, H., Moniri, A., Imaninasab, R. and Nakhaei, M. 2019. “Effect of copper slag on performance of warm mix asphalt”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 20(7): 775-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2017.1339884
  34. Ziari, H., Keymanesh, M. R. and Zalnezhad, H. 2020. “Effect of emulsifying agent on rheological properties of bitumen emulsion modified with different techniques of adding SBR latex polymer”. Road Mater. Pavement Des., 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1835695