ارزیابی خصوصیات ویسکوالاستیک خطی مخلوط‏های آسفالتی کم‏انرژی اصلاح شده با پودر لاستیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان

3 گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد نوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

چکیده

با توجه به مزایای مهم اقتصادی و زیست­محیطی مخلوط آسفالت کم­انرژی و نیاز به شناخت و بررسی بیشتر این آسفالت به دلیل اندک تحقیقات صورت گرفته، در این مقاله، به ارزیابی و بررسی خصوصیات ویسکوالاستیک این نوع مخلوط آسفالتی با استفاده از آزمایش مدول دینامیک پرداخته شد. به­دلیل ضعف مکانیکی مخلوط­های آسفالتی مزبور و با عنایت به ماهیت زیست­محیطی این نوع آسفالت، افزودنی سازگار با محیط­زیست جهت اصلاح آن در اولویت قرار گرفت. از این­رو، پودر لاستیک در سه سطح 10، 15 و 20 درصد وزن قیر جهت اصلاح نمونه­ها انتخاب گردید. نمونه­های آسفالتی شاهد و اصلاح شده مطابق با روش سوپرپیو طراحی و متراکم شدند و جهت تعیین خصوصیات ویسکوالاستیک آنها در دماها و فرکانس­های مختلف تحت آزمایش مدول دینامیک قرار گرفتند. منحنی جامع مخلوط­های آسفالتی نشان داد که در دمای زیاد (فرکانس کم) بیشترین مدول دینامیک متعلق به مخلوط آسفالتی کم­انرژی با 15 درصد پودر لاستیک است. لذا، این مخلوط دارای بیشترین مقاومت شیارشدگی نسبت به سایر نمونه­ها است. از طرفی، مقایسه منحنی جامع مخلوط­های آسفالتی در دمای کم (فرکانس زیاد) به ترتیب نشان‏دهنده کم بودن سفتی نمونه­های آسفالت کم­انرژی فاقد افزودنی و آسفالت کم­انرژی دارای 15 درصد افزودنی و مقاومت آنها در برابر ترک­خوردگی بود. همچنین، ارزیابی خصوصیات ویسکوالاستیک نمونه‏های آزمایش مؤید این حقیقت بود که بیشترین خاصیت الاستیک متعلق به نمونه آسفالت کم­انرژی اصلاح شده با ۱۵ درصد پودر لاستیک و ویسکوزترین مخلوط، نمونه آسفالتی داغ می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of linear viscoelastic properties of low energy asphalt mixtures modified with crumb rubber

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeid moghimi 1
  • Gholam Ali Shafabakhsh 2
  • Hassan Divandari 3
1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University
2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
3 Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad Univesity, Nowshahr Branch, Nowshahr, I. R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Considering the important economic and environmental benefits of low energy asphalt mixture and the need to know and study more about this asphalt due to little research, in this article, the linear viscoelastic properties of this type of asphalt are evaluated using dynamic modulus test. Due to the mechanical weakness of this asphalt mixture and considering its environmental nature, an additive compatible with the environment was selected to modify it. Therefore, crumb rubber in three levels of 10, 15 and 20% by weight of asphalt binder was used to modify the samples. Controlled and modified asphalt samples were designed and compacted according to the superpave method and were tested to determine the dynamic modulus and their viscoelastic properties at different temperatures and frequencies. The master curve of asphalt mixtures showed that at high temperature (low frequency) the highest dynamic modulus belongs to low energy asphalt mixtures with 15% rubber powder. Therefore, this mixture has the highest rutting strength compared to other mixtures. On the other hand, comparison of the master curve of asphalt mixtures at low temperature (high frequency) showed low stiffness of low energy asphalt samples without additive and low energy asphalt with 15% additive and their resistance to cracking, respectively. Evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of the test specimens also confirmed the fact that the highest elasticity belonged to the low-energy asphalt sample modified with 15% crumb rubber and the most viscous mixture was the hot asphalt sample.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • low energy asphalt
  • crumb rubber
  • dynamic modulus
  • linear viscoelastic

مراجع

نشریه 234. 1390. "آیین­نامه روسازی آسفالتی راه­های ایران". معاونت برنامه­ریزی و نظارت راهبردی رئیس جمهور.
AASHTO T342-11. 2011. “Standard method of test for determining dynamic modulus of hot-mix asphalt concrete mixtures”. American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials, USA.
Akisetty, C., Xiao, F., Gandhi, T. and Amirkhanian S. 2011. “Estimating correlations between rheological and engineering properties of rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures containing warm mix asphalt additive”. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2): 950-956.
Ameli, A., Norouzi, N., Hassanzadeh Khabbaz, E. and Babagoli, R. 2020. “Influence of anti stripping agents on performance of binders and asphalt mixtures containing crumb rubber and styrene-butadiene-rubber”. Constr. Build. Mater., 261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119880.
Artamendi, I. and Khalid, H. 2005. “Dynamic and creep properties of binders modified with waste tyre rubber”. Proc. International Conferences on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Trondheim, Norway.
Bonaquist, R. 2011. “Mix design practices for warm mix asphalt”. Research Report No. 691, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, D.C., USA.
Bressi, S., Fiorentini, N., Huang J. and Losa, M. 2019. “Crumb rubber modifier in road asphalt pavements: State of the art and statistics”. Coatings., 9(6): 384.
Carter, A., Mainardis, O. and Perraton, D. 2010. “Design of half-warm asphalt mixes with additives”. 89th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA.
D’Angelo, J., Harm, E., Bartoszek, H., Baumgardner, G., Corrigan, M., Cowsert, J., Harman, T., Jamshidi, M., Jones, J., Newcomb, D., Prowell, D., Sines, R. and Yeaton, B. 2008. “Warm-mix asphalt: European practice”. Research Report No. FHWA-PL-08-007, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., USA.
Fakhri, M., Ghanizadeh, A. R. and Omrani, H. 2013. “Comparison of fatigue resistance of HMA and WMA mixtures modified by SBS”. 2nd Conference of Transportation Research Group of India, Agra, India, pp. 168-177.
Gaudefroy, V., Olard, F., Ridane, M., Beduneau, E. and de La Roche, C. 2009. “Laboratory environmental assessment of half-warm mix asphalts by means of the factorial experiment design approach”. 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA.
Ghabchi, R., Singh, D., Zaman, M. and Hossain, Z. 2016. “Laboratory characterisation of asphalt mixes containing RAP and RAS”. International Journal of Pavement Engineering., 179: 829-846.
Gregory, A. and Harder, P. E. 2007. “LEA halfwarm mix paving report” Retrieved from LEA-UK website: http://www.lea-uk.biz.
Gunfaus, M. T. and Waisman, H. 2021. “Assessing the adequacy of the global response to the Paris Agreement: Toward a full appraisal of climate ambition and action”. Earth System Governance., 8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100102
Harder, G., LeGoff, Y., Loustau, A., Martineau, Y., Heritier, B. and Romier A. 2008. “Energy and environmental gains of warm and half-warm asphalt mix: Quantitative approach”. 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA.
Jones, D., Liang, Y. and Harvey, J. 2017. “Performance based specifications: Literature review on increasing crumb rubber usage by adding small amounts of crumb rubber modifier in hot mix asphalt”. Pavement Research Center, University of California, USA.
Katman, H. Y., Ibrahim, M. R., Karim, M. R., Mashaan, N. S. and Koting, S. 2015. “Evaluation of permanent deformation of unmodified and rubber-reinforced SMA asphalt mixtures using dynamic creep test”. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/247149
Kavussi, A., Qorbani, M., Khodaii, A. and Haghshenas, H. F. 2014. “Moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt: A statistical analysis of the laboratory testing results”. Constr. Build. Mater., 52: 511-517.
Kheradmand, B., Muniandy, R., Teik Hua, L., Bt. Yunus, R. and Solouki, A. 2014. “An overview of the emerging warm mix asphalt technology”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 15: 79-94.
Khosravifar, S., Schwartz, W. C. and Goulias, G. D. 2015. “Mechanistic structural properties of foamed asphalt stabilised base materials”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 16(1): 27-38.
Kuchiishi, A. K., Vasconcelos, K. and Bdiani Bernucci, L. L. 2021. “Effect of mixture composition on the mechanical behaviour of cold recycled asphalt mixtures”. International Journal of Pavement Engineering., 22(8): 984-994.
Li, X., Xie, Z., Fan, W., Wang, L. and Shen, J. 2015. “Selecting warm mix asphalt additives by the properties of warm mix asphalt mixtures– China experience”. Baltic J. Road Bridge Eng., 10(1): 79-88.
Memon, N. A., Ansari, K. and Alamani, Z. A. 2013. “Effect of variation in blending variables on the properties of CRMB”. Mehran Univ. Res. J. Eng. Technol., 32(2): 175-182.
Mensching, J. D., Rowe, M. G. and Daniel, J. S. 2017. “A mixture-based black space parameter for low-temperature performance of hot mix asphalt”. Road Mater. Pavement Design, 18: 404-425, doi/ 10.1080/14680629.2016.1266770
Moghadas Nejad, F., Azarhoosh, A., Hamedi, G. and Roshani, H. 2014. “Rutting performance prediction of warm mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavements”. Road Mater. Pavement Design., 15: 207–219.
Mohammadi Rodd, I. I. and Khabbaz, H. 2013. “Challenges associated with optimisation of blending, mixing and compaction temperatures for asphalt mixture modified with crumb rubber modifier (CRM)”. Appl. Mech. Mater., 256-259: 1837-1844.
Morales Vega, A. M. 2013. “Exploring the black space of compressive and shear modulus)”. Master Thesis, University of Arkansas, USA.
Munera, J. C. and Ossa, E. A. 2014. “Polymer modified bitumen: Optimization and selection”. Mater. Design, 62: 91-97.
Olard, F., Jullien, A., Baudru, Y., Ventura, A. and Tamagny, P. 2009. “Environmental comparison at industrial scale of hot and half-warm mix asphalt manufacturing processes”. 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., USA.
Olard, F., Beduneau, E., Seignez, N., Dupriet, S. and Bonneau, D. 2009. “Laboratory performance-based assessment of half-warm mix asphalts with high recycling rate by means of the factorial experiment design approach”. Adv. Test. Character. Bitumin. Mater., Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/ books /e/9780203092989/chapters/10.1201%2F9780203092989-70
Olard, F. and Gaudefroy V. 2011. “Laboratory assessment of mechanical performance and fume emissions of LEA® HWMA (90°C) vs. traditional HMA (160°C)”. 2nd International Warm-mix Conference, St. Louis, USA.
Olard, F. and Romier, A. 2011. “Low emission and low energy asphalts for sustainable road construction The European experience of LEA process”. Retrieved from LEA-UK website: http://www.lea-uk.biz
Perkins, S. W. 2009. “Synthesis of warm mix asphalt paving strategies for use in montana highway construction”. Research Report No. FHWA/MT-09-009/8117-38, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., USA.
Podolsky, H. J., Chen, C., Buss, F. B., Williams, R. C. and Cochran, W. E. 2021. “Effect of bio-derived/chemical additives on HMA and WMA compaction and dynamic modulus performance”. Int. J. Pavement Eng., 22(5): 613-624.
Romier, A., Audeon, M., David, J., Martineau, Y. and Olard, F. 2006. “Low-energy asphalt with performance of hot-mix asphalt”. Transp. Res. Record: J. Transp. Res. Board, 1962(1): 101-112.
Rubio, C. M., Martínez, G., Baena, L. and Moreno, F. 2012. “Warm mix asphalt: An overview”. J. Clean. Prod., 24: 76-84.
Rubio, M. D. C, Moreno, F., Martínez-Echevarría, M. J., Martínez, G. and Vázquez, J. M. 2013. “Comparative analysis of emissions from the manufacture and use of hot and half-warm mix asphalt”. J. Clean. Prod., 41: 1-6.
Saberi, K. F., Fakhri, M. and Azami, A. 2017. “Evaluation of warm mix asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement and crumb rubber”. J. Clean. Prod., 165: 1125-1132.
Shiva Kumar, G. and Suresha, S.N. 2019. “State of the art review on mix design and mechanical properties of warm mix asphalt”. Road Mater. Pavement Design., 20: 1501-1524.
Somé, C., Guadefroy, V. and Delaunay, D. 2012. “Warm mix asphalt: Mechanical performance assessment and coating quality evaluation”. 2nd International Symposium on Asphalt Pavement and Environment, Ann Arbor, USA.
Tan, G., Wang, W., Cheng, Y., Wang, Y. and Zhu, Y. 2020. “Master curve establishment and complex modulus evaluation of SBS-modified asphalt mixture reinforced with basalt fiber based on generalized sigmoidal model”. J. Polym., 12(7): 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071586
Vaitkus, A., Čygas, D., Laurinavičius, A., Vorobjovas, V. and Perveneckas, Z. 2016. “Influence of warm mix asphalt technology on asphalt physical and mechanical properties”. Constr. Build. Mater., 112: 800-806.
Vargas-Nordcbeck, A. and Timm, D. H. 2012. “Rutting characterization of warm mix asphalt and high RAP mixtures”. Road Mater. Pavement Design., 13(1): 1–20.
Witczak, M. W. 2002. “Simple performance test for superpave mix design”. Research Report No. 465, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington D.C., USA.
Witczak, M. W. 2005. “Simple performance tests: Summary of recommended methods and database”. Research Report No. 547, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington D.C., USA.
Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S. N., Shen, J. and Putman, B. 2009a. “Influences of crumb rubber size and type on reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures”. J. Constr. Build. Mater., 23: 1028-1034.
Xiao, F., Wenbin Zhao, Z. and Amirkhanian, S. N. 2009b. “Fatigue behavior of rubberized asphalt concrete mixtures containing warm asphalt additives”. Constr. Build. Mater., 23: 3144-3151.
Zelelew, H., Paugh, C., Corrigan, M., Belagutti, S. and Ramakrishnareddy, J. 2013. “Laboratory evaluation of the mechanical properties of plant-produced warm-mix asphalt mixtures”. Road Mater. Pavement Design., 14(1): 49-70.
Zhao, W., Xiao, F., Amirkhanian, S. N. and Putman, B. J. 2012. “Characterization of rutting performance of warm additive modified asphalt mixtures”. Constr. Build. Mater., 31: 265-272.
Ziari, H., Behbahani, H., Izadi, A. and Nasr, D. 2013. “Long term performance of warm mix asphalt versus hot mix asphalt”. J. Central South Univ., 20: 256-266.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار