Strength and Durability of Iron Ore Tailing Materials Stabilized using Portland Cement as Base Materials: A Case Study Of Golgohar Mine

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.S Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology

2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran

Abstract

In order to mitigate the environmental impact of iron ore tailing (IOT) and also to reduce the use of natural aggregates, these materials can be used as road materials after stabilization with chemical additives. In this research, the feasibility of using Golgohar IOT, stabilized with 4, 6 and 8% of Portland cement as road base materials, has been investigated. To this end, modified Proctor compaction test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and durability against freezing and thawing (F-T) cycles test were conducted on IOT samples stabilized with different percentages of Portland cement. Results of compaction testing on the samples showed that increasing the percentage of cement increases the optimum moisture content (OMC) and decreases the maximum dry density (MDD). In the next stage, IOT were stabilized using 4, 6 and 8% of Portland cement and UCS samples were fabricated with three different compaction moistures (dry side, optimum moisture content and wet side) and cured for 7, 28 and 56 days. The results showed that with increasing the percentage of cement from 4 to 8% for all curing times, the UCS increased between 1.45 to 2.15 times. Also, the 28-day UCS and 56-day UCS are about 1.73 times and 2.34 times the 7-day UCS, respectively. It was also found that the UCS increases with decreasing moisture content. The results of durability tests against (F-T) cycles on the samples showed that with increasing the percentage of cement, the durability of stabilized materials increases, so that in samples with higher percentage of cement, the lowest percentage of weight loss and volume reduction is observed. Finally, it was found that IOT stabilized with at least 4% of Portland cement provides the necessary strength and durability criteria for use as stabilized base layer.

Keywords

References

ASTM D 4972. 2013. “Standard test method for pH of soils”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 854. 2014. “Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer on soil”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 4318. 2014. “Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 1557. 2015. “Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort (56,000 ft-lb/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 2166. 2015. “Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 2487. 2015. “Standard test method practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (unified soil classification system)”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 3282. 2015. “Standard test method practice for classification of soils and soil-aggregate mixtures for highway construction purposes”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM D 422. 2016. “Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils”. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bang, S., Lein, W., Comes, B., Nehl, L., Anderson, J., Kraft, P. and Huft, D. 2011. “Quality base material produced using full depth reclamation on existing asphalt pavement structure–Task 4: Development of FDR mix design guide (No. FHWA-HIF-12-015)”. Federal Highway Administration, Office of Pavement Technology, USA.‏
Barati, S., Shourijeh, P. T., Samani, N. and Asadi, S. 2020. “Stabilization of iron ore tailings with cement and bentonite: A case study on Golgohar mine”. Bulletin of   Engineering Geology and the Environment, Published online: 23 May 2020.
Basha, E. A., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H. B. and Muntohar, A. S. 2005. “Stabilization of clay and residual soils using cement-rice husk ash mixtures”. Constr. Build. Mater., 5(1); 448-453.
Bastos, C. A. L., Silva, C. G., Mendes, C. J. and Peixoto, F. A. R. 2016. “Using iron ore tailings from tailing dams as road material”. J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28(10): 1-9.
Brown, A. V. 2006. “Cement stabilization of aggregate base materials blended with reclaimed asphalt pavement”. MSc., Thesis, Brigham Young University.
Castro-Gomes, J. P., Silva, A. P., Cano, R. P., Durán Suarez, J. and Albuquerque, A. 2012.  “Potential for reuse of tungsten mining waste-rock in technical-artistic value-added products”. J. Clean. Prod., 25: 34-41.
Etim, R. K., Eberemu, A. O. and Osinubi, K. J. 2017. “Stabilization of black cotton soil with lime and iron ore tailings admixture”. Transport. Geotech., 10: 85-95.
Ghanizadeh, A. R., Yarmahmoudi, A. and Abbaslou, H. 2020. “Mechanical properties of low plasticity clay soil stabilized with iron ore mine tailing and Portland cement”. J. Min. Environ., 11(3): 837-853.
Guthrie, W. S., Brown, A. V. and Eggett, D. L. 2007. “Cement stabilization of aggregate base material blended with reclaimed asphalt pavement”. Transport. Res. Record, 2026(1): 47-53.‏
Jahandari, S., Saberian, M., Zivari, F., Li, J., Ghasemi, M. and Vali, R. 2019. “Experimental study of the effects of curing time on geotechnical properties of stabilized clay with lime and geogrid”. Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 13(2): 172-183.
Kuranchie, F. A. 2015. “Characterisation and applications of iron ore tailings in building and construction projects”. Ph.D Dissertations, School of Engineering, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
Lewis, D. E., Jared, D. M., Torres, H. and Mathews, M. 2006. “Georgia's use of cement-stabilized reclaimed base in full-depth reclamation”. Transport. Res. Record, 1952(1): 125-133.
Li., H. B. 2014. “Experimental research on performance of road base with cement stabilized iron tailings sand”. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 513-517, 60-64.
Manjunatha, L. S. and Sunil, B. M. 2013. “Stabilization/solidification of iron ore mine tailings using cement, lime and fly ash”. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 2(12): 625-635.
Miller, H. J., Guthrie, W. S., Crane, R. A. and Smith, B. 2006. “Evaluation of cement-stabilized full-depth-recycled base materials for frost and early traffic conditions”.‏ Final Report, No. 01531742, Recycled Materials Resource Center.
Morian, D. A., Solaimanian, M., Scheetz, B. and Jahangirnejad, S. 2012. “Developing standards and specifications for full depth pavement reclamation (No. FHWA-PA-2012-004-090107)”. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, USA.
Qi, J. L., Zhang, J. M. and Zhu, Y. L. 2004. “Influence of freezing–thawing on soil structure and its soils mechanics significance”. Chinese J. Rock Mech. Eng., 22(2): 2690–2694.
Sherkat-e-Madani va Sanati Golgohar. 1398. Site Sherkat-e-Madani va Sanati Golgohar.       http://www.geg.ir/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=173.
Sun, J. S., Dou, Y. M., Chen, Z. X. and Yang, C. F. 2011. “Experimental study on the performances of cement stabilized iron ore tailing gravel in highway application”. Appl. Mech. Mater., 97: 425-428.
Syed, I. M. 2007. “Full-depth reclamation with Portland cement: A study of long-term performance”. Portland Cement Association, No. 09-3465. 2009.
Wirtgen GmbH. 2004. “Cold recycling manual”. 2nd edition, Windhagen, Germany.
Xu, S. 2013. “Research on application of iron tailings on road base”. Adv. Mater. Res., 743: 54-57.
Yang, Y. H. and Wu, Y. B. 2014. “Mix design for full-depth reclaimed asphalt pavement with cement as stabilizer”. Advanced Characterization of Asphalt and Concrete Materials, International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure, Yichang Hubei, China.
Yuan, D., Nazarian, S., Hoyos, L. R. and Puppala, A. J. 2011. “Evaluation and mix design of cement-treated base materials with high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement”. Transport. Res. Record, 2212(1): 110-119.‏
Journal of Transportation Infrastructure Engineering
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 26
August 2021
Pages 101-122

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 November 2020
  • Revise Date: 20 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 28 May 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics